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King Croesus' gold : excavations at Sardis and the history of gold refining
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King Croesus' gold : excavations at Sardis and the history of gold refining

by Andrew Ramage, Paul Craddock

This study examines the excavation of a sixth-century BC gold refinery at Sardis, Turkey. It provides an archaeological analysis of the techniques used by the Lydian Kingdom to produce the world's first coinage and reconstructs ancient refining processes.

Accession 1943 ISBN 071410888X Publisher British Museum
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Archaeology Collections Ethnology Finance History Materials Social Sciences
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position_updated_at
2026-06-04 10:32
orientation
horizontal
Details

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spine_text
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Metadata

Book form
LOCATION HISTORY
M:N4:3 6 Current horizontal
2 days, 2 hours ago
M:N4:2 6 horizontal
1 week, 1 day ago
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Last synced 2026-05-27 12:00 (1 week, 3 days ago)

Identity

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King Croesus' gold : excavations at Sardis and the history of gold refining
vernon_id
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1943
vernon_slug
king-croesus-gold-excavations-at-sardis-and-the-history-of-gold-refining-andrew-ramage-and-paul-craddock-with-contributions-by-mr-cowell-ae-geckinli-dr-hook-ms-humphrey-k-hyne-nd-meeks-ap-middleton-and-h-ozbal

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071410888X

Descriptive

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brief_description
The authors fully describe the excavation of the only known ancient gold refinery and the scientific study at the British Museum to reconstruct the refining process. The unique evidence from Sardis and accounts from historical sources shed light on ancient metallurgy.

Subjects & people

authors→ author (initial fill only)
Paul Craddock, Andrew Ramage
tags→ tags
Numismatics, Auxiliary sciences of history, Coins, History, Archaeology, Anthropology, Metals, Metallurgy, Precious metals, Gold, Mints, Silver-gold alloys, Gold alloys, Electrum, Gold -- Minting, Gold -- Refining, Lydians (Anatolian people), Ethnology -- Turkey
subject_people
Croesus, King of Lydia (active 560 BCE-546 BCE)
subject_objects
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Topics and Themes